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DOSSIER

FOTOGALERI - IRANI I KOHËS SË SHAHUT

E Martë, 04.07.2015, 07:13am (GMT+1)

Dekada para revolucionit islamik të vitit 1979, Irani udhëhiqej nga Shahu, e cila ishte diktaturë që shtypte mediat dhe kufizonte liritë politike. Por gjithashtu, drejtoi vendin drejt adoptimit të kulturës moderne perëndimore, duke lejuar disa liri kulturore.

Nën sundimin e Shahut, ekonomia e Iranit zgjeroi mundësitë, duke e bërë vendin aleatin kryesor të SHBA'së dhe Britanisë në Lindjen e Mesme, transmeton Express.

Ndërkohë sot, gjithçka duket ndryshe.

From 1941 to 1979, Iran was ruled by King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah. AP

Due to Iran's large supply of oil, proximity to India, and shared border with the Soviet Union, Britain and the US fully backed the Iranian government.

AP Photo/Tom Fitzsimmons

However, even before the Islamic Revolution, the Shah's grip on power was unsteady.

Communists and religious members of society disliked the Shah and his pro-Western government.

AP Photo/Tom Fitzsimmons

In 1953, the Shah had to flee Iran after a Western-backed coup to overthrow Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh failed. A second coup succeeded in overthrowing Mosaddegh, who wanted to nationalize the Iranian oil industry to Britain's chagrin, and the Shah returned to the country.

AP Photo/Tom Fitzsimmons

Like Ataturk in Turkey, Reza Shah undertook a series of reforms aimed at turning Iran into a modern westernized nation.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

These reforms included the structuring of Iran around a central Persian identity, the often brutal suppression of tribes and their laws in exchange for strong a central government, and the expansion of woman's rights.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Like Ataturk, Reza Shah attempted to make religious observation subservient to the state.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Part of Iran's method of achieving this was through the banning of veils in public.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Women were also encouraged to attend school and receive an education.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Although Reza Shah's intentions were to turn Iran into a modern westernized state, his bans on religious garments alienated and frustrated religious conservatives and traditionalists.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Despite the backlash from religiously observant members of society, the Shah managed to create a seemingly cosmopolitan city life.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Women and men mixed freely, and educational opportunities were greatly extended. Western clothing and norms also became ingrained into large segments of the Iranian population.

Nevit Dilmen/Wikimedia Commons

Under the royal family's invitations, Iran became a popular destination for celebrities and heads of state. Here, an Italian actress and her husband visit a sports competition as guests of Iranian Princess Ashraf.

AP Photo

The Iranian royal family reciprocated and widely toured the world's capitals. Here, the Shah and his wife met with Winston Churchill in London.

AP Photo

Toward the end of the Shah's reign, the royal family attempted to rally the country around an increasingly historic nationalism based on the preceding Persian empires.

AP Photo/Roy Essoyan

In 1967, the Shah took the old Persian title

PD-IRAN

Celebrations funded by the government were also launched throughout the country to honor the Persian roots of Iran. Here, gymnasts take part in an October 16, 1975, celebration honoring the founding of the Persian Empire.

AP Photo/Harry Koundakjian

Despite Iran's views of the past, the government continued to value education and child development.

AP Photo/Roy Essoyan

Tehran funded study abroad in Europe for Iranians, and schools and clinics were built throughout the Iranian countryside to care for poorer children as part of the Shah's

AP Photo/Roy Essoyan

High oil prices and relative stability in the Middle East contributed to a growing business class in major Iranian cities.

AP Photo/Horst Faas

By 1975, Reza Shah abolished Iran's multiparty system and concentrated ever-greater amounts of power in his own hands under the government-permitted Rastakhiz (Resurrection) party.

By January 16, 1979, Reza Shah fled Iran during the Iranian Revolution. The revolution started off as a popular movement fueled by outrage against government extravagance, corruption, brutality, and the suppression of individual rights, before being taken over by Ayatollah Khomeini.

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